Vocabulary workshop pdf free download level c

Haste makes waste. Monarchs begin their long migration. Th e Fl i g h t of the M o n a r c h Magazine Article T hey are the only butterflies known to migrate, or travel, at a particular time of year.

Some fly as far as 3, miles to reach Monarchs tend to migrate south in large groups, but weaker ones often straggle far behind. At night, the butterflies roost together their winter homes. They are also among the in tall fir, cedar, and pine trees. Monarchs most vivid of all insects. Their bright orange, usually cover from fifty to one hundred miles a white, and black bodies can be seen flashing day, and it can take them up to two months to brilliantly in the sunlight.

Their name is also complete the trip. Monarchs must be When the first cold winds of autumn blow, cautious and try to avoid danger. Many birds monarch butterflies in the United States begin feed on monarchs, too. Some butterflies run their long migration south. They cannot into obstacles, such as cars and trucks. Others postpone this flight, or their bodies might just weaken and die from the strain of the freeze.

Monarchs in the eastern states migrate difficult flight. For monarchs west The bluffs and peaks of the Sierra Madre, of the Rocky Mountains, the winter destination a mountain range in Mexico, make an ideal is southern California. Wh e n i ts ches wide n a rc h i s 3 —12 to 4 in mo haven for the monarchs.

The fir forests there provide the right temperature and humidity. The butterflies gather in a few small areas in colonies that consist of millions and millions of individuals. A single tree might be home for more than ten thousand of the insects. The High in the mou ntains of Mexic monarchs are not active at this time. Like bears, monarchs wait o o, ut the winter. To help preserve the monarchs, the Mexican government has taken steps to protect We must be clear when describing the their winter home.

For example, logging, migration of monarchs. The butterflies that flew or the cutting down of trees, is prohibited. Only their Environmentalists despise this illegal activity, offspring will begin the return flight in spring. Also, as Also, since most monarchs live only six weeks, the forest thins, the butterflies are more likely it takes about three generations of monarchs to get wet and freeze during winter rainstorms.

When the warm days of March arrive, the The females of each generation will deposit eggs monarchs wake up and flutter down from their along the route. Once grown, the new generation trees. After mating, the females lay their eggs. The eggs, which look like miniature pearls, Fortunately, the generation of monarchs hatch as caterpillars in about four days.

After that is alive in early autumn lives much two weeks, each caterpillar transforms itself longer—about seven months. So those into a chrysalis, an egglike pod. Ten days later, butterflies have time to make the long flight the adult monarch emerges. In this way, monarchs have populated large areas and lived on throughout the years. A picture so brilliant and bold that it seems alive might be called. A sundae of ice cream and your choice of toppings.

Something that blocks our way might be called a n. Hikers who stray from a trail or fall behind are guilty of. To try to fool others by acting very confident is to. If you doing a chore, you will just have to do it later. Walking on a decaying log that bridges a stream could be. To hate or to dislike something strongly is to it. Another name for king is. Boats seek a safe where they can drop anchor for of the training course.

A tiny copy of a full-sized object is known as a. To avoid unnecessary risk is to act in a way. Then write the despise haven miniature word in the space provided. The site of the battle was Lexington, Massachusetts.

A homograph is a word with the same spelling as another word but with a different meaning and word origin. Sometimes the two words also have different pronunciations. For these reasons, homographs have separate entries in a dictionary. The word bluff page 28 is a homograph. A bluff is a steep, high cliff or bank. The small number after each boldface word indicates that the word has a separate dictionary entry.

Then write the number of the homograph whose meaning is illustrated. From my window, I could hear the made by the truck traffic. Cactus plants need little water and can grow well in the. We used wooden beams to up the sagging old fence. People are often forced to their homes during a flood.

The professional tennis player has a custom-made. I like to walk along the and look for shells. I would drop my tennis and quickly the tennis court if a swarm of bees flew near me. In the , the film crew had to up the tent after the sudden sandstorm. Write a sentence that includes a pair of homographs. Example: I went down to the basement to get my warm down coat out of storage.

Then answer the questions on page Moments later, a loud called The Courser. Stormy was no ordinary cry split the air. The worried villagers rushed captain. He ate stew from a rowboat, and he to the bluff overlooking the beach.

They were slept in the mainsail. In one adventure, Stormy The locals put the giant baby in a cart and was sailing his ship through the English hauled him into town.

Stormy grew to love the sea. He loved Expecting a tight fit, Stormy told the crew to swimming in the deep, even treacherous, soap the sides of the ship. Although it slipped water, and he rode sea monsters for fun. He through, the huge ship scraped the Dover was fearless. Once, he even turned an old cliffs, leaving behind a thick layer of soap. These cliffs have been pure white ever since.

Stormy grew to be 36 feet tall, and Cape While some may say Stormy is just a myth, Cod became too small for him. There from the soap. In this passage, the meaning of 5. In this passage, the meaning of bluff is abandoning is a to deceive or trick. The meaning of solitary is 6. Impressive most nearly means a friendly. Alfred Bulltop Stormalong spent most 7. Another word for treacherous is 8.

The author most likely wrote this a tiring. Write Your Own Think about other American myths and legends that you know. On a separate sheet of paper, write to retell a story about another famous character.

Use at least three words from Units 1—3. There are thirty wagons in our group and sixty California? Everyone who emigrates wonders this, for the hours drag slowly. The bumping wagon bruises my bones, so usually I walk. We began with much laughter, but a My feet are sore, but the prairie flowers are mishap quickly spoiled the mood.

While beautiful, and I would not see them so well crossing the Missouri River, two wagons were from the wagon. I thought it must be full of smoke, but May 15 The oxen plod on, slowly and then we heard the buzzing and knew it was a steadily. How I wish they moved at a more swarm of grasshoppers in flight. There were aggressive pace! When it rains, we barely more of them than anyone could imagine.

The cover two miles in a day. Oregon-California Trail turning day to night. We did all we could to my name will forever be associated with this keep the pests off our faces until, mercifully, landmark on the trail leading west.

July 6 We took a cutoff and got lost. At June 3 Hurrah! Today, we reached the last, we are heading the right way, but the oxen Platte River. After weeks of dusty travel, how need water. Once we thought we saw a stream, luxurious to sit in the water. The taste of fish is but it was a mirage—a trick of sunlight that indeed a welcome change after salted pork.

If deceived us. The August 6 It seemed like there would be no wide span of a desert and the tall masses of a end to the wind and dust. Seven of our wagons mountain range await us. Hot water puffed and spurted emigrants have cut their names into the granite high into the air, leaving a trail of rainbows. August 20 Grass is scarce, and the oxen groan. We had to lighten our load, and Father dumped our stove and pots and books. Necessity has made us flexible, and we cannot be too attached to our belongings.

The long trail is littered with lovely things. September 8 Today, we traveled fourteen miles and had to cross the Truckee River twelve times. People who are too often get into quarrels or fights.

To fool people into believing what is not true is to them. If you join with me as a partner, you with me. It is not easy to see distant mountains on a n day. To from Korea to Nepal is to leave Korea to live in Nepal. Getting a paper cut is an example of a minor. A mighty army might easily a weaker foe. A n straw makes it easy to drink from a juice box. A hotel might provide six fluffy bath towels for each guest. To stay longer than expected or to leave slowly is to.

A bridge that crosses the Mississippi is said to that river. Then write the emigrate flexible glamour word in the space provided. Many have settled in the Southwest, but others have traveled to big cities in the Midwest and Northeast in search of work. Trial lawyers especially cannot afford to be timid or shy. For this reason, they often spend long hours in law libraries. Some especially newsworthy trials are now televised from start to finish.

In fact, most real-life lawyers work long, hard hours and rarely enjoy the spotlight of celebrity. Which is an example of a mishap? In a place known for glamour, a a. If a movie overwhelms you, you a. Aggressive ballplayers would b. If you have a hazy grasp of map reading, you should 9. You might deceive a puppy by a. You might linger if you are New York City. A luxurious outfit might include Which would most people associate? Which is the most flexible?

Here is an analogy with the word flexible page 38 : twig is to flexible as cotton is to soft. Twig Synonyms boring can be described as flexible, and cotton can be described as soft. Write the number of the first pair next to the pair with the same relationship. Explain the relationship on the lines provided. Have a partner complete the analogy. Talk about the relationship between the words.

Here, aggressive describes the way the narrator would like the oxen to move. She wishes that they would move with more energy. Aggressive can also be used to describe behavior, the way in which a person or animal acts. Look at the words in the chart. Each describes a particular behavior. She jumped right into the pool without taking her shoes off. The dog growled and bared its teeth when we walked by. He always thinks his ideas are the best in the class. She won the student council election because she is not afraid to speak her mind.

The athlete defended his request for practice time on the basketball court. Because he believed he had the best plan, the candidate thought everyone would vote for him. I n his palace on Mount Olympus, Jupiter, the supreme Roman god, was furious.

Welcoming guests a festive atmosphere. As Philemon served the kindly was important to the king of the gods.

Only a god was capable of sandals, the two gods transported such a miracle! The wandered, asking for water and bread. Sad to wooden hut fell away and in its place stood a say, the situation was as bad as Jupiter had shining marble house. No one welcomed the travelers. So it went at every house in the city until at And so it was.

Baucis and Philemon served last the travelers came to Baucis and Philemon. They were also trees—an oak and a linden. Remarkably, both old, in their eighties, and had been married trees grew from the same trunk.

Together, sixty years. People who never settle down in one place are called. To someone is to be cruel to that person. To prove your ability at something is to show yourself. A train is a good form of if you want to enjoy the scenery. Weddings and birthdays are examples of events. To notice something is to it.

The Court is the highest in the land. Supreme b. Blunt c. Festive d. Capable An experienced 9. A smudge in a paint job is an example of a. Improper use of a knife may its edge. Good hosts would be sure to show.

Then write the conclude detect fatigue word in the space provided. If you feel fatigue, you might 7. A blemished jewel will probably a. Which cannot offer hospitality? A good detective might conclude a a. Someone who is blunt might a. Your supreme achievement is b. Which is a festive event?

A capable student is one who a. If I were persecuted, I would b. Which of the following might you use to detect something? Which might transport an elephant? For example, the word persecute page 49 is often confused with the word prosecute. Read this sentence: The king who had persecuted the peasants was prosecuted for his crimes. During a trip to the restaurant, our class was given access, excess to the kitchen. At closing time each day, the workers store access, excess food in large refrigerators.

When I could not decide which club to join, I asked my friend for advise, advice. The wind blew so hard I had to cease, seize the rail to keep from falling. The windstorm did not cease, seize for the rest of the day. I you to my arm if you feel as if you might fall. Before we gain to the beach, we must wait for the storms to. The business owner hired an accountant to give her about spending the funds. Here are two more word pairs that can cause confusion. Write a sentence for each of the words.

Then look in a dictionary to make sure you used each word correctly. In the passage, Jupiter and Mercury are the nomads. They are travelers wandering the city of Phrygia and looking for someone to show them hospitality. Here are some other words that name travelers. Notice that one difference among the travelers is their purpose for traveling. I traveled a great distance to visit a holy shrine. I take the train to work every day. I never live in one place for a long time.

I went to the Grand Canyon to see the sights. Each year, I travel with my family to visit the origins of my religion. The job requires me to be in Boston every month. Be sure to use the boldfaced word in your answer.

Who is a commuter you know? Why is that person a commuter? What might a tourist do in your area? What are some examples of places a pilgrim might travel to? What reasons might a person have for being a nomad?

She was a lively, happy child once traveling to Washington, D. At home, she took part in town and church activities. When who lived with her parents, sister, and brother the Civil War began, she worked with other in a big house near the village green. At school, civilians to find ways to support the soldiers. Emily learned to read and write, and at home, Then, suddenly, everything changed.

Like many of her For some reason, Emily decided to withdraw friends, she no doubt had a great capacity for from everyday life. She stopped seeing almost fun as well, sledding in the cold New England everyone, never traveled, and rarely went winter and going on picnics in the green and outside. It seemed apparent What provoked Emily Dickinson that she would get married one to take this course of action?

Eventually, she would Even today, no one can say for have her own house and raise sure. While the undoing of her own children, perhaps in her normal social life must Amherst. In many ways, she have caused loneliness and would duplicate the life that pain, it also enabled the her mother had lived. In the years in the s. Yet she crafted each poem bundles and hiding them in her dresser drawers. Some hidden from the world. After her death, the of the poems do reflect her loneliness, but they poems were finally published.

When they are inspiring too. Dickinson had a keen imagination. From the stillness of she saw a desert. Your teacher might use a copier to an assignment. A person who is not part of the military is a n. To remove something is to it. The number of people who can fit into a room depends upon its.

Something that seems obvious is said to be. A n from a garden hose might get you wet. A n blade will cut much better than a dull one. If you tease someone, you might that person. The partygoers wore masks to conceal a. To hide something is to it. The Atlantic Ocean is a n body of water. When you reach your goal, you have something.

Then write the civilian conceal duplicate word in the space provided. The roadrunner feeds on lizards, snakes, and insects. Grant what no other Union general before him had been able to do—force the surrender of Robert E.

Remember that base words are complete and make sense as independent words. You can add the suffix -ment to accomplish page 58 to make a new word.

Then write the meaning of the new word. Use a dictionary to check your answers. Choose from the words above. The mail carrier delivered the that I sent to my aunt.

A that is not the truth is a. My greatest was winning the school spelling bee. In our of thirty houses, we give to the senior citizens who live there. Add a suffix to each word below to make a new word. Choose from -ment, -ance, -age, and -hood. Then use the new word in a sentence. Use a dictionary if you need help. Unfortunately, the digging also nation of Nauru. Then around the year trees, and clear blue water circle the island.

Suddenly, this Some even claim that this isolated country is tiny country had a big problem. Not only paradise. It is only about 8 square miles in size. It Today, the people of Nauru struggle to is home to only about 14, people.

Nauru build a new future for their country. They have used to be very rich. This was because its land many ideas. One idea is to attract visitors in held a lot of phosphate. Phosphate is a natural search of a luxurious beach vacation. Visitors material used for farming and making new might bring money, and their presence might products. This from droppings of birds flying by! People will be a hard goal to accomplish because dug this unusual treasure from the ground.

Then they loaded it onto ships for transport However, the people of Nauru hope their tiny, around the world. The meaning of vast is 5. In this passage, luxurious means a very large. In this passage, transport means 6. Another word for accomplish is a the process of moving things. Another word for aggressive is 7. In this passage, the meaning of a weak.

What happened to much of the land on Nauru? This passage was mainly written to a It was destroyed by birds. Write Your Own Many people in Nauru want to encourage travelers to vacation on their island. Imagine you are writing a travel brochure for the area you live in. Write to persuade others to come visit. Use at least three words from Units 4—6. Write the word in the space document hazy monarch provided. Then explain what the words have in productive supreme vast common.

The first one has been done for you. Pay attention to the word in boldface. When I clean a fragile vase, I. To justify my opinion, I. My favorite meal consists of. We were able to overwhelm the other team because. To prepare for the festive event, we. A dog with a keen sense of smell can.

Our class had to cancel our trip because. In order to settle our dispute, we. Whenever I face an obstacle, I. A flexible person is able to. A miniature train set takes up. I had to withdraw from the competition because. The veteran spoke to our class about. The advertisement is misleading because.

Whenever a mishap occurs, I try to. The athlete felt fatigue after. The apparent cause of the fire was. Writing Challenge Write two sentences using the word associate. In the first sentence, use associate as a verb. In the second sentence, use associate as an adjective. Euge n i e C l a r k: Sw im min g w i th S h a r ks Biography N ine-year-old Genie leaned against the glass barrier and stared at the fish. Neon fish flashed by, and an octopus waved.

Genie, however, stared mainly at the sharks. Imagine swimming with these graceful creatures! She went back week after week, always learning more about ocean life. Soon she decided to become an ichthyologist, a scientist who studies fish. Staff have to be trained to enable them to carry out tJ 1 their tasks. Everyone will be encouraged to take on responsibility.

Rowever, no-one will be forced. For the use of the verbs below see e Rere is the range of verbs for the obliger: 1 Obligesomeone to do something cornpel. Rere is the range of verbsforthe obliged: be forced to.. Fire regulations prohibit builders from using jIammable 6 Not obliged: materials. In this type of soil we needn't dig the 3 Not to oblige someone to do something: foundations deeper than 10 metres.

Choose one correct sentence for each picture, There are more sentences than you need, G Each of the following sentences contains a mistake, Find the mistakes and correct them, 1 You needn't to enclose the invoice. Below is an extract from a letter from an insurance agent to a manufacturing company about regulations, Complete the extract by choosing the correct word ITomthe boxo needn't prohibited.. Itis important that these points are followed; otherwise theinsurance cover will not be valido 11 All empty crates a notbe stacked in the production area.

Theyare a health and safety problem and we will not b you to leave them there. However, prior to disposal. Containersthat contain llammablematerials f be at least metres from the building. Sample sentences As a result of the high cost of local raw materials, we are going to start importing from China. Plastics are a versatile family of materials; therefore they are suitable for a wide range of c: packaging applications.

Rere are the other main subordinating conjunctions: as. Other expressions with a similar meaning are: as a consequence of. Themaintenanceteamare here;thereforewe'll needto shut down the machinery after this shift. The connector'therefore' points backwards to the cause and forwards to the effect. Other connecting words and expressions are: accordiogly hence formal.. I Because management is thinking of introducing a zero defect production initiative.

So we are starting a project group to look at current practices in production. So, that's why everyone has been called to the meeting. We've scheduled a meeting on oewinitiative. A B The reject rate has fallen owing to extensive research and development. There is now a backlog of orders due to more effective quality control. S» They want to understand why customers Consequently, users can share files and 3 buy a product. Computer software has been made easier That's why they're studying customer e to use attitudes.

UJ That's the reason he had an accident. UJ We are having to increase our prices as a result of machinery breakdowns. This is a very dusty environment, so more people use computers daily. He was not following safety regulations. Find the mistake and correct it. Consequently of this, the waste must be treated before it can be disposed of.

Fill in the blanks with words ITom the boxo consequently. The site was previously used by heavy industry of this we will have to remove a thick layer of soil. As a b of this, costs will be higher than expected.

As far as concerned, the houses all have a regular shape as you can see here on plan of cost considerations. Why does that affect cost? A: surface area of the walls, you'lI see that buildings with an irregular shape a greater surface area.

As a d materials will be required and, e , it will cost more. B: I see. B: damage the wood? A: That's 'e will use pre-treated wood. As for the roofs - well, planning regulations, roofs will have to be made of blue slate.

Sample sentences.. S» With the new version of Web Discoverer you can specifybetter search criteria. S» Anti-virus software is designed to prevent programs from damaging your data or halting cc operations on your system.

It'll crease too easily. Let's look at the use of language for the concepts above: 1 2 3 4 make able be able make unable be unable enable can prohibit cannot allow abte to prevent not ablejunable to permit capable ot stop incapable ot C' Uses Now look at the following short text which demonstrates the use of these verbs. Now you can create your own website. So simple, anyone is capable ofproducing a quality site in minutes. You'll be ableto add graphics and photos. This new software allowsyou to work with all typesof graphicfiles.

The text editingfunction enablesyou to workdirectlyfromyour word processar. Remember: only one registered user is permitted to use this software. Note: 1 We use the infinitive with to after ablelunable, e. You'll beabIe to add graphics and photos. SyntheUc fibreis unabIe to replacenatural fibre. Anyone is capabIe of praducinga quality site in minutes. Theyare incapabIe 01producing these shirts in a wider rangeof colours.

A B Improving quality control will enable us the storage of chemicals in plastic containers. Shortage of space prevents us from carrying the volume of data required today. Q Regulations prohibit see the person you are talking to. Using a videophone allows you to to become more profitable. Underline the mistake and correct it. S Water is unable to passing through the vapour barrier. Look at the prompts in bold and change them for a verb or verb phrase from the opposite page, changing the grammar to fit the sentence.

With a catalyst the car g be able of O the airbag. Together with It a make uoable serious injury. If a driver brakes But you are more concerned about hard, this system b make unablewheellockup. Here the highest gear able the driver to steer the safely. All our models are fitted with disc brakes, This j make able you to save fuel and as a which means the car d be able operate more make uoable the engine wearing efficiently in wet weather.

As a result, exhaust system and f make able the exhaust the car is capable of greater speed and faster gases to be converted into less harmflil acceleration. Q Sample sentences The term engineering can have different meanings.

Q The generators and turbines are bound to use a lot of electrical power. The numbers below are only a general indication. The pumps are quite likely to use more electricity.

They could use more electricity. The pumps probably won't use more electricity. The pumps are quite unlikelyto use more electricity. The pumps shouldn 't use more electricity. Power requirements can't possibly increase. For example: The local authorities probably won't accept the plans for a concrete arch bridge.

The figure in brackets indicates the likelihood. A t present most of the energy we use comes from oil and gas, and scientists are becoming increasingly concemed about our future energy needs. The future of nuclear power is also uncertain. Q Logisticsis the business function which controls the movement of physical materials in a factory.

A mine is a place where ores, coal, and precious stones may be obtained. Relative clauses begin with a relative pronoun. Who and which are typical relative pronouns.

Blowholes are air or gas vents which cany off fumesfrom tunnels or undergroundpassages. The table shaw s the range of relative prona uns person who, whom, whose time when things which, that place where Uses l Defining relativeclausesgive information which is essential to understand the sentence.

The dause who specializesin transporting goods by truck identifies the company or person. The dause which describes the contents of each package gives additional information; we can still identify the packing list without this information. Themine, which hasextracteddiamondssincethe 19th century, will beclosedin two years. The dause which has extracteddiamondssince the 19th century gives additional information.

Notes: l The relative prona un after the reason: Thank youfor explaining to us the reasons whylthat the consignment was delayed. D damp. In the following article, underline the relative clauses and write defining D or non-defining ND beside each one.

There are people who are deeply worried about the effects of the dam on the environment. They say there is a danger to animals and fish live in the area. But there are other people who claim that power is much cleaner than There will be fewer emissions contribute to greenhouse effect. Navigation on the river, wbich is currently dangerous, will become much safer.

But critics say there will be sedimentation which could increase flood levels. Use the information in brackets to complete the following sentences. For example: The manufacturers provided some information. We have used the information that They have automated the assembly line that 2 Water is stored in a tank. The water tank where is underground. Computers contain many circuits which 4 WC.

Rontgen discovered X-rays by accident. X-rays have been used since when 5 Faraday was born in the south of England. Faraday, who , developed the process of electromagnetic induction. The manager whose is responsible for purchasing. Everyone who is responsible for regular 89 maintenance of the machinery. Subordinate clauses of result and G purpose S» 3 Sample sentences 3S» Benton have defined quality standards in order to meet minimum product specifications.

Last year Markham introduced new quality standards so that they detected defective products e before completion. For zero defects to be achieved, we will have to introduce tighter prevention controls.

They present the purpose of the information in the main dause. Clauses of result also answer the question why or what In contrast to clauses of purpose, they typically look to the past to see what result an action achieved. Energy is generatedfrom differentfuels in order to avoid reliance on one source. These electric utilities were then combined into larger systems so that power was exchanged. Notes: The following sentences are wrong: We use coalfuf maheenergy. G 2 Close the valve.

That way the system won't overheat. They want to find a cure for AIDS. They want to stop water and dust getting in. He doesn't want to get malaria. Complete the following description choosing phrases ITom the boxo Wind turbine and solar panels Adjustable blinds Triple-glazed greenhouse Soil Green plants in greenhouse Concrete raft Human bodies Expanded polystyrene heat doesn't escape.

Toolsmust be stored in a safe place after use. Lookat the following health and safety words: dust Uses Look at the following sentences from the field of textiles which contrast countableand uncountable nouns. We produce our c10thby knitting natural fibres. This c10this then used in the manufacture of a range of c1othes,mainly menswear. Our products include jackets and trousers. This jacket has been produced using our latest equipmentwhich streamlines the sewing and final pressing of the garment.

Underline the mistake and write in the correction. In a warm 2 dry climate, a man may choose a pair of short and a short-sleeved shirt 3 made of cottons while a woman may prefer a thin dress. In colder climates 4 a thick jumper and a warm trousers would be more suitable and out of doors, a S coat, scarf and glove are necessary.

Today, there are many different type of fibres available. D Working in a factory is more dangerous than working in a chemicallaboratory.

A bipolar transistor is the most common form of transistor. Manson's factory is noisy. If we compare more than two objects, we use the in the superlative. Denham's factory is the noisiest. S The locked cabinet contains some of most poisonous chemicals there are. The i new cantilever bridge is the Commodore John Barry which is also the U short. D Rand D aims to develop new products and the means to produce them cheaply. A coal fieldis an area containing significant coal deposits; the deposits in this coal fieldhave been e significantly reduced in recent years.

The miners reached the surface safely. Pure research How did they reach the surface? Safely 2 after the verb be 2 to give more information about an adjective All research is sdentific. The mine is extremely dangerous. Extremely 3 to give more information about an adverb Miners work very hard. Do magnet expense flex 3 use excel resist 3 Do industry.. Use each word once fi only.

There is an temperature control. Quality control now runs more. The manufacturing process should run. Statistics shaw that there is a fall in demand after 10 p. There is a growing interest in issues. The manager in a coal mine must be about activities underground.

Choose the correct word in boldo 1 , The number of people who work in the textile a manufacturedlmanufacturing. The sale of carpets I' I contributes to the sale of textiles r significantlsignificantly. The carpet industry :.

Q The timetable looks like this. We will install the software on Monday afternoon. That means your 3 system will be out of action from 2 o'elock till about 5 o'elock.

We also need to download some 3 programs before starting the system again. Then we'll start testing. That'll take until Wednesday. We hope to finish that by Wednesday evening. So, fi CD please inform everyone that we will need to shut down the system next Monday. We also need to download some programs befo re starting the system again.

We hopeto get approvalforsaleof the drug by This laserprinter prints twenty pagesof text a minute. Pind the mistakes and correct them. G' 3 The meeting has been arranged for 16th April at 10 a. If no preposition is required, leave the space blank. ERIK: I was wondering if we could arrange a meeting a next week?

ERIK: That's fine. I haven't heard anything j we spoke k last month. Theproject is running according to plan so far. Services to the site were laid e f-f- Novemberand completed f December. Planning f--f Commissioning of the madiines willlast I about two weeks rn.. These will continue o p mid-July. All going well, start up will be 8 months' time q 6 August I. OnMonday, 3 components will be moved from the oId storage area to the new one.

This means that fork lift 3 m.. You will find more details in the email l sent last week. There aretwostagestothemovementof oId parts.

In e the new storage area, the parts will be stored on pallets on the top two shelves. From there they fi CD will be moved to their final destination according to the plan in the email attachment. Corrosion in the pipes is extremely dangerous. We employsome 30 peopleut the pumpingstation. The roughnecks j1y out to the oil rig on a Sunday evening.

The safety officer has just arrivedfrom headquarters. We use into to describe movement into a place: ThedrilIbit isfitted into the drilI. S into und out of Into and out of describe movement; they describe opposite movements: DrilIing mud is pumped into and out of the well during drilIing.

We use onto to describe movement onto a place which has a surface: Theoilis then loadedonto tankers. Here the tanker is seen as a two-dimensional floating object. The oil is then loaded into tankers.

Here the tanker is seen as a three-dimensional object. You may have to use some preposi tions more than once. Most exchanges are linked by optical fibre cables Q ""I d which the signals travel as puls es of laser light.

Microwave beams sent e tn e dishes f tall towers, link some signals. They work by evaporation. When a liquid changes e a vapour, it takes heat d its surroundings.

In a fridge, the cooling process is done by a refrigerant which circulates e a system f sealed pipes. Choose from those in the boxo You will need to use some more than once. Oil and gas are separated h the bottom the derrick and a pipeline takes oil the platform k shore. Helicopters carrying operators land I the helipad located on one side of the platform.

The recreation area is found n the first level and o the top fioor the workers sleeping quarters are to be found. The dining area is on the fioor p. Walkways run q one side of the accommodation block and r - the outside of the platform. Lifeboats can be found s the accommodation block. Supply boats, carrying supplies for the rig, can tie up t one side u the rig and goods are lifted v the boats using a crane. Drinking water is stored w large tanks located x the electricity generators.

That's where 3 qualitative research comes in. It has many common uses. It can help you to understand why 3 some customers buy and use a product. Most of our clients use our services to understand their customers better. And all of e tn them use this information in the development of new products. CD tn Form Countable all most many a lot ot some a tew tew no Uncountable all most much a lot ot some a little little no uncountablenouns.

With what type of qualifications? B: All our vacancies require people with a thorough knowledge of surveying. Yes, but there are some jobs in areas not directly linked to construction. Such as? We have a few vacancies for engineers aircraft industry. Anything in nuclear power? No vacancies area at the moment, afraid.

A: Well, please let me know if anything specify,construct, and commission the whole projecto a follow-up maintenance most maintenance will be included in the project price. However, there are assure you that in other contracts there have been very few of these. C 4 Little of our clothing is made of silk.

We had to return of the boards. There isn't demand for them. Eut, today, only of these communications use fibre optics. In the future, a more paper will have to be collected and recycled. The table below shows how the methods of transportation used by a company have changed over a period of 30 years.

Complete the text below with words ITomthe table in B on the opposite page. In goods were still being transported was by road and a Bythe year , i transportation was was by air. By the year be transported by raiI. But the number of users is increasing very quickly. Despite improvements in telecoms 3 networks, connection speeds are often very slow; however ADSLpromises faster connections. The main words to introduce a phrase of contrast are: despite. However, some are faster than others.

The main sentence connectors are: all the sarne infonnal.. A: Although we can share many resources, some are not shared. Even so, we should see this as a vast improvement. B: l don't understand why all the printers aren't available to all. A: In fact, everyone can use all the printers; however,one has been designated as default for each work group.

A: l'd prefer to use the colour laser printer. B: l know you would, but it's very expensive to print each page in colour. And in most cases, colour isn't necessary. Q 3 1 The contents of the crate were broken despite The Forth Railway Bridge is made of huge steel tubes, d the Oosterschelde Bridge in Holland is made of pre- stressed concrete. Some bridges look a little confusing in designo e having cable stays.

Lake Maracaibo Bridge in Venezuela is a cantilever type bridge. The Director is discussing three possible sites. Join the sentences in A and B using the connector in C to form part of her speech. Example SUe 1 providesa suitableamount 01spacebut it's the most expensive. A B C Site 1 provides a suitable amount It's the most expensive. It could be difficult. It's worth considering. It's surrounded by trees and close to It's only four kilometres from the however the mountains.

There is a large labour market. Workers in this area are unskilled. Government finance is available for nevertheless companies moving into the area. Site 2 is fairly small. Site 3 is almost too big. It's in the centre of town. We verb with the partide to, e.

We many,some,few and no. Relative dause A dause beginning constructions: Modal verb The following verbs and with a relative pronoun who, continuous verbs be. Modal verbs are why. We don't store e. Seealso Main Clause.

We Tense The grammaticalformof tl a finite verb, e. We begana study last year finite dause normally produceapreUmjnary verbs which differentiates the analysjs active vs A preUmjnary 01 a non-finite verb, e. Havjngbegun present from the past. See also Active and re Conjunction A word which! It indicates that the the timing of an event, e. See also Simple. Ex, Countable A noun which has a reference to now, the time of Uncountable A noun which has aPI singular and plural form, e.

Our only one form, which normally elir component- components. See also contractorhas bunt a supporUng takes a singular verb, e. Dusthas Uncountable. The past perfect combines the pHc a damagjngeffecton health.

Seealso past tense and the perfect aspect. It Countable. Infinitive without to The base form earlierpoint of time, e. Theyhad Voice The grammatical category of inn, alreadycompHed the results. Seealso of a verb, e. Continuous and Simple. See also Active and Passive. UNIT 6 Exercise 2 Exercise 1 1 protective 6 occupational 2 contamination 7 dangerous 1 b 2 a 3 c 4 a 5 c 6 b 3 explosion 8 flammable Exercise 2 4 harmful 9 tightly 1 downtime 5 intranet 5 precautionary 10 fumigation 2 interconnected 6 upload Exercise 3 3 transmitted 7 connections a risks g smoke 4 compatible 8 combine b goggles h poisonous Exercise 3 e protection i burns e a i d f b h i c g d nois e j fumes e dust k drowsiness UNIT 7 f accidents Exercise 1 UNIT 1 d 2 f 3 g 4 a 5 b 6 i 7 c 8 e 9 h Exercise 1 Exercise 2 anneal to make materials tough by cooling them slowly, 1 bil!

Exercise 2 Exercise 3 I l amplified, amplifier 6 storage a camber g macadam ] 2 entertainment 7 transmission b crown h potholes 2 3 generation 8 stored e sewer i main 3 4 integrated 9 Transmission, modulation d manholes j soft shoulder. Good hygiene prevents food digital a system in which data is represented as O poisoning and protects your reputation with or 1 customers.

C Staff single-wire line People who work in food areas can spread food radio antenna microwave satellite transmitter iii poisoning germs very easily. U 5 Cabletelevisionallows access to many television stations. UNIT 28 EJ Exercise 3 Exercise 1 1 a POA f clock and alarm 2 wire a thin piece of metal for conducting b email g currency converter 3 electrical current h alert e browsing 4 wave an electric. Grades 3—6 Preview Buy. Preparing for Standards Based Assessments. Grades 7—8 Preview Buy.

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